Nournews: The idea to transfer Iran’s capital from Tehran to Makran has been one of the most controversial discussions over the past few months. The main goal of this initiative is to reduce the concentration of population, address the capital city’s problems, and assist in the development of disadvantaged areas. Reviewing the history of Tehran, after it was selected as Iran’s capital, as well as the challenges it is currently facing, makes the decision clearer.
Tehran: A narrative from past to present
Tehran was selected as Iran’s capital city during the Qajar Dynasty in 1787. Aqa Mohammad-Khan Qajar chose the city because of its strategic position and defensive capability. Since then, Tehran has gradually turned into the country’s political, economic, and cultural hub.
In 1881, the first streets of Tehran were constructed, and in 1900, the first bank and modern school were established in the city. With the introduction of electricity in 1908 and the establishment of Tehran University in 1925, Tehran took its first steps toward becoming a modern city. Over the following years, after the Islamic Revolution in 1978 and subsequent developments, Tehran has remained the axis of key events in the country.
Today, Tehran, with a population of about 9.6 million, ranks 34th among the most populated cities in the world. The megacity, holding a 20 percent share of the country’s GDP, is the economic heart of Iran.
Tehran’s urban crises
Life in Tehran presents serious and complex challenges. Heavy traffic, one of the main problems of urban life, has reduced efficiency and wasted citizens’ time. Air pollution, caused by the large number of cars and industries, has endangered citizens’ health.
Expensive housing, driven by high demand for living in the megacity, imposes a heavy burden on families. In addition to these problems, a shortage of public transportation infrastructure and green spaces has made life harder and increased public dissatisfaction.
Makran: A future capital city?
Makran, situated along the Oman Sea, has a unique geographical position, which is why it has been proposed as a suitable candidate to host Iran’s capital. Although the city could become Iran’s trade and international communications hub, many experts believe it lacks the necessary qualifications, due to political, security, and geopolitical issues, to serve as the country’s capital.
A history of changing Iran’s capital
Iran’s capital city has changed throughout history due to political, military, and geographical issues. During the Abbasid Era, the capital was transferred from Hamedan to Baghdad. During the Zand Dynasty, it shifted from Isfahan to Shiraz. Such decisions have always had profound effects on the structure of the country. Selecting Tehran as Iran’s capital during the Qajar Dynasty was a response to the political and geographical needs of the time.
Challenges of transferring the capital in the future
Transferring the capital city from Tehran to another location, while offering many opportunities, may face significant challenges during execution. Establishing the necessary infrastructure and securing the required budget are among the main obstacles to the project. Additionally, parts of Tehran’s problems may transfer to the new capital as well.
With precise planning, transferring the capital could improve the conditions of the capital city and contribute to the country’s balanced development. This decision requires coordination among various sectors, fundamental reforms, and smart management. Naturally, such a decision demands deep and comprehensive studies before being announced publicly through the media.
NOURNEWS