Prevalence and identification of ADHD in children

Zahra Naghsh, an educational psychologist and associate professor at the University of Tehran, stated in an interview with Nournews that over 40% of those who seek counseling services are dealing with this disorder. Many of these individuals initially seek help due to anxiety or academic decline, but upon assessment, it is revealed that they have ADHD.

According to Naghsh, children typically experience this disorder between the ages of 6 and 18, and their behavior changes as they get older. Parents often become aware of the disorder when their child starts school and faces issues such as decreased performance and lack of concentration. However, earlier identification of abnormal behaviors can lead to more effective treatment.

Naghsh added that if an individual with ADHD consults a psychiatrist, medication is immediately prescribed. However, scientific research suggests that children under 12 years old should not take medication for this disorder.

Naghsh continued, saying that the prescription of medication as the first line of treatment, solely for controlling the individual, depends on the situation and severity of the disorder. If left untreated, it can lead to mood disorders in later years, but the aim is to prescribe medication after the age of 12 alongside behavioral therapy.

Consequences of ADHD

This disorder is not limited to behavioral problems but can affect various aspects of life. Impulsive behaviors of individuals with ADHD increase the risk of accidents and physical harm. In addition, other disorders such as anxiety, depression, and anger management issues often accompany ADHD, making life more challenging. Mismanagement of this disorder may lead to academic and occupational difficulties and even extensive social impairments.

Causes and contributing factors

The primary cause of this disorder is usually genetic, but environmental factors can also play a role in its onset or severity. Known contributing factors include air pollution, lead exposure, and even drug use during pregnancy. While ADHD cannot be cured, it can be managed with appropriate interventions.

Treatment and management strategies for ADHD

Medication is a common approach to managing this disorder, with drugs like Ritalin used to reduce symptoms. However, drug use, especially in children under 12, should be approached with caution and accompanied by behavioral therapies. Psychotherapy also helps to enhance cognitive skills, manage anger, and reduce anxiety. Furthermore, parental awareness and education about the disorder play a crucial role in better managing the behavior of affected children.

Healthcare system challenges in ADHD management

Challenges within the healthcare system include the quality of medical services and inappropriate prescriptions, which can sometimes harm the patient instead of improving their condition. This highlights the need for healthcare system reform and increased public and specialized awareness. Prevention, education, and comprehensive treatment can contribute to improving the quality of life for those affected and reducing the social impairments associated with this disorder.